History of the Summer of Love — 1967: Part 3, Drugs

HISTORY OF THE SUMMER OF LOVE — 1967: DRUGS

When I was a Resident Assistant at U.C. Berkeley in the early ’70s, a local police officer I knew gave me a tour down nearby Telegraph Avenue. He told me:

“All the major drug deals on the West Coast go down within a two block stretch of Telegraph Avenue. The street people and drug dealers are what’s left of the Flower Children.”

All this was within blocks of the nearby University of California campus. To say that drugs were rampant at Berkeley is an understatement: as an R.A., I was called upon to take students who were too high on marijuana or LSD down to the Student Health Center. My saddest duty was checking out the room of a student who had committed suicide. On his wall were comic-strip blotters of LSD.

Berkeley, the counterpart foci of Haight-Ashbury, on the ellipse of the San Francisco Bay, reflected the tone and mood of the Summer of Love. In this third article on this period from over 50 years ago, I discuss the topic of drugs in “sex, drugs, and rock & roll.”

Berkeley was the West Coast hub of drugs, as Boston was the East Coast hub. Drugs were shipped into Vallejo, a port town 30 minutes north of Berkeley, and drug trades were made on Telegraph Avenue. Michael Crichton popularized the Berkeley drug trade in his 1970 novel — written under the pseudonym Michael Douglas and his 19-year-old brother Douglas — called Dealing: Or the Berkeley-to-Boston Forty-Brick Lost-Bag Blues.

Popularity of Drugs in the Summer of Love

The two most popular drugs of the Summer of Love were cannabis and LSD.

Poster for movie Reefer Madness, 1936

Cannabis was known as marijuana, weed, pot, dope, blow, or reefer and was typically smoked in a bong or hookah pipe or as a “joint” cigarette, sometimes called a “doobie.” It’s no accident that the record sleeve of the Doobie Brothers’ album Minute by Minute featured a “doobie.”

Weed was readily available in Northern California, even before its 2016 legalization in California, and remains a major cash crop to this day. California produces one-third of the U.S. cannabis production.

Cannabis is a psychoactive drug, its main ingredient delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol or THC, is responsible for binding to receptors in the brain to affect the “high.”

LSD, by comparison, is a synthetic drug initially formulated in a Swiss lab in 1938 from a fungus chemical. The German name is Lyserg-Säure-Diäthylamid, but in English, the full name is dextro-lysergic acid diethylamide tartrate 25.

LSD-25 molecule

LSD is a psychedelic drug known for its profound psychological effects, including anxiety, paranoia, delusions, and hallucinations.

In 1975 it was learned that the CIA had been experimenting with LSD in the ’50s, often without the knowledge of the subjects. One of those subjects, Ken Kesey, later became an advocate for the drug and wrote One Flew Over the Cookoo’s Nest in 1960 about a psychiatric hospital. Kesey spent time with Tom Wolfe, who wrote The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test.

LSD went by the several street names: acid, blotter acid, window pane, mellow yellow, Lucy Mae, ticket, trips, and yellow sunshine. It was popularized in books, movies, and music. The Haight Ashbury-based band Grateful Dead was often associated with LSD due to their popular song (Keep) Truckin,’ which was about their hotel room being raided for drugs while on tour in New Orleans…

“Busted, down on Bourbon Street.”

And when the Grateful Dead performed at the Greek Theater in Berkeley, their tie-dyed fans came out of the woodwork. Incidentally, I saw them perform in 1976 in Oakland at a Bill Graham-produced Day On The Green concert (double-headed with The Who). The air was filled with the smell of burning herbs.

Ironically, it was in 1967 that LSD was made illegal to manufacture, buy, possess, process, or distribute without a license from the Drug Enforcement Administration. It remains a Schedule 1 drug to this day.

LSD guru and promoter Timothy Leary claimed that his motto,

“Turn on, tune in, drop out,”

was inspired by philosopher Marshall McLuhan who urged him to invent a catchy slogan. As an example, McLuhan offered a jingle, a play on Pepsi-Cola’s:

“Lysergic acid hits the spot
Forty billion neurons, that’s a lot.”

The Beatles’ Influence on the Use of Drugs

In their younger years, The Beatles had not used much in the way of illicit drugs, except Benzadrine, Preludin, and amphetamines, especially while doing long gigs in Hamburg, Germany.

The Beatles claim that Bob Dylan initially and fully “turned them on” to marijuana. They were using it non-medicinally when they made Help! in 1965, and it was featured in a number of their songs: “She’s A Woman,” “Got to Get You Into My Life,” (an ode to pot, claimed Paul McCartney) and “With A Little Help From My Friends.” At different times John Lennon, George Harrison, and Paul McCartney were arrested for drug possession.

Their dentist turned them on to LSD in his flat. This influenced the song “Day Tripper” and “Tomorrow Never Knows” from their album Revolver. As John Lennon said

If Revolver was the “LSD album,” Rubber Soul was the “pot album.”

Their song drug references were sometimes subtle, other times overt, and occasionally challenging to deny, as I’ll discuss in my next article on rock & roll. Needless to say, The Beatles’ use of songs about drugs led a generation to follow.

See the concluding article: History of the Summer of Love — 1967: Part 4, Rock & Roll

Bill Petro, your friendly neighborhood historian
billpetro.com

Related posts:

History of the Summer of Love — 1967: Part 4, Rock & Roll History of the Summer of Love — 1967: Part 1 – Sex, Drugs, and Rock & Roll History of James Bond: Dr. No – 60 Years Ago